hptchkiss



9 Sheets-Sheet 1. B. B. HO'TCH'KISS.

Machine-Gun.

No. 211,849. Patented Feb. 4.1879.

9 Sheets-Sheet 4.

B. BpHoTGHKIss.

ie-Gun.

Mgoh

Patented Feb. 4,1879

Ulllln ...n.mw. u

lB. B. HoTCHKIss.

9 sneaks-sheet s.

Machine-Gun.

Patented Feb. 4.1879.

EST AVAILABLE COPY BEST AVAiLABLE COPY A'UNI'tintin-i STATE s BENJAMIN n.l Hp'roHKrss, 0F New Youn, .151. r.

PAT-ENT Ormes Whitening-'Guns Specification .forming part of Lettciis'latcnt No. 2111849, dated February 4,18%9; application lild f f` Junuury', 1879.

Be it known that I, 11.13. Horoumss,of`

the city, county, aud State ot'` New York, tcm`- porarily residinginjlaris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements .in Machine-Gunstand I do hereliydcclure that the following specilication, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawl ings, is 'such a'iull, clear, and exact description of the saine as will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same.

In said drawings, Figure 1 represents, in sideelcvat-ion', a gun embodying myimprovements.A Fig. '2 is a plan view of the sa-me. Fig. 3 is a frontend elevation. Fig. 4 isa lon gitudin'al sectional elevation on the lines a: :r of Fig. 2 and I I of Fig. 6. Fg.5 is a longi- 'ftudinalsectipnal elevationfon the lines V V of Fig. 2 and ..Y of Fig. 6. 'Fig..6 is a 'tra-nsverse sectional elevation on theliue s s of Fig.' 5 and z z of Fig.'9, looking forward, but illustrating the mechanisms in the positions occupied when the crank-shaft has made about a .quartenturn after tiring. Fig. 7 is a transbeing inthe positions occupied just before iring. Fig.,11'is.a transverse lsection ou the line 3N W' of Fig. 4,' lookin gforward. lFig.12 is a lplan View, and l,ligxl au elevation, of thcguu, sliowiug'more. particularly the arra'ngeinent 'of the crank and shouldenpiece.

Fig; 14. is aseetioii'alelevtion of the gun on" the l'ine'XX'of 2,- as seen' lookin lrear- -ward. Fig.'15 is asideelvatiom'and ig.IQ 'a cross-section, illustrating more particularly the' means for automatically elevating the gun. Fig. 17 illustrates an improved feed-case.. Fig. 18 illustrates an improved.cartridge-{eed-oontrolling', mechanism. Fig. 10 illustrates iinirovemci'its in'zth'e breech-sight., ,Fig. 20l ilustrates in detail the inode oltgfastening the inaliisprlng in place. Figs. 2l, 22', and 23 illustratc au automatically-adjustable breechsight. Figs. 24, 25, 2G, 27, 28, 29,.:1-nd .30am diagrams illustrating the course ol (light of thc concs of halls resulting from the discharge oi' case or canister shot as fired from various guns; and Fig. 31 illustrates tho mode ot' monntin shoulder.

- This inventionrelates generally to that class of ordnance known as machine or buttery"7 guns, and particularly to such ot them as have a multiplicity ot barrels that are' mitomatically rotated' step by'step, loaded with cartridges, the saine discharged, and the cxploded shells extracted by the rota-tive movement of a crank-shaft.

'The invention consists in providing guns of ,this class with instrumentalities wherebythey may be trained and iired while supported from the shoulder ot' the lgunner.

It further consists in various constructions ofthe parts', and combinations and arrangements'oi the saine`,'whereby the manipula-tion ofmachine-guns is greatly facilitated; and it includes various improvements upon the strnc- 'ture of machine or 4battery-guns secured lo' me. 'b'y'Letters Patent N 130,501, dated August .Ehe said instrumcnt'alitics, constructions, combinations, arrangements, und improvements are all too fully hereinafter pointed ont and claimed to need further preliminary description.

improvements effected by the presentA invenA tion, the principal mechanisms ol' the gun and their. operation'will iirst be described.

The'm'echanisinsl for rotating the barrels, loading the vinnie, exploding the cartridges, and extracting and discharging the cart-ridge.. shells are allcontained inl the brceclipi`ecc B,

which consists of a 'casting formedat its rear,`

.end-with a spacious chamber, Figs. 4, 6which is adapted for the reception cfa portion ot said mechanisms, itsrcar end'being closed by a hinged: door, 91... The breech iieco with. guiding tlie'recipx side-wit .u forward cn gnidcwnyfor the firing-piu; at its 1 g a niachine-gini, t rained from the' In order to a ready understanding of the n 'is 'piovana at ,oniiie rings' and waysfor'some ot' eating paris.; atthe lower opposite tuting a feeding-recess, 77, provided with a closing-door, 42, and a discharging-opening,- 8S, Figs. 5 and 11;y and its front face is cut away to form-a curved. guideway 99,11`igs. 4 'and 14, which completes the feeding of the cartridges home, as will be hereinafter more particularly explained.'

The massive forward end of the breech-piece' B, which constitutes the breech block 66, is perforated in its longitudinal center Vwith a bearing for the reception of the rear end of the longitudinal axis 55. A g

From this breech-piece B the side frames 54 56, rigidly secured tnereto,extend forward and are united together midway by a brace-f bar, 67, and at their ends by a crossfbar, 57, which frames are' provided at proper points with tr'unnious 80 90, by which the gun is mounted in a suitable carriage.

The barrels 10 20 30 40 50, of which there may be anyinumber, are mounted in'lieavy disks 70 71, that are securely attached to the.

axis 55, the disk 70, in the threaded sockets ot' which the rear ends of the barrels are secured, conforming in shape Ito that of the 'breech-piece B,-and iitting in working contact with its front face, and the-disk 71. being protected by, a Aguard-plate, 72, which supports theforward sight 47. The barrels thus sup ported are mounted in place by means of the axis 55, whichl has its rear end extended through the breech-block 66 and protrnded into the chamber in the breech-piece B, where it has tixed upon ita driving-"wheel, 31. 'This wheel is secured to said shaft by means of a pin, 110, which is inserted and driven home when the parts are properly adjusted through a hole 109, made in the breech-block and closed by a screw,'108. Thispin may be driven out to release the parts when they are in .the position shown in Fig. 16.

'lhe pins 2 of the driving-wheel 31 are en gaged b y a worm-wheel, 32, that ia fast on a crank-shaft, 33, which is mounted transversely in bearings in one side of the breechieee B and in ailivisionplate, 78. The threa of this worm-wheel is partly helical and partly circumferential, the helical portion being about 'one-halt' of its whole extent, and having a pitch which is suiiicient to rotate lthe barrels to an4 extent equal to the distance -between two yoi said barrels.

By the operation of this worm-wheel the circumierential and helical parte of its thread will successively engage the pins 2,'thns causing the barrels to remain at rest during one lialfrotation of the crank-shaft, and to bepartiully rotated during the remaining half-revolution of said crank-allait, the purpose of which operation will presently appear.

The loading-plunger 10 reci rocatcs in a ,guidlngfbearing partly formed y thc'eurved division-plate 79, and lhas proecting on che side-a rack-bar, 4,that runs n a guldewa so as to engage with a pinion, 35, whose sx s il ilxed in one side of the breech-piece B.

The extractor 30, for withdrawing the ex-l *wheel lploded cartridge-shell, reciprocates in a guiding-way, 37,'and has a rackin its upper edge, which engages with the pinion 35, while to the face of this extractor is secured a yoke, 3S, having a curved slot, 6, in which runs the stud or friction-roller 5 on the endof a crankarm, 39, that is fast on the crank-shaft 33, which latter may be furnished with a suitable crank. t The structure and arrangement of these parts are such that as the crank-shaft 33 'is turned the end of the crank-arm 39, traveling in the 'curved slot of the yoke 38, will cause the extractor 3650 reciprocate horizon-J tally in one direction, and the rack 21., through the pinion 35, will cause the loading-plunger 19 to reciprocate horizontally in the opposite direction., The slot 6 in the yoke is so curved as to give a considerable period of rest to the loading-plan ger and extracteriat each end of their strokes, which,.however, is more particularly set forth in the'applicatou-for United States patent tiled by me January 31, 1877.

The tiring-pin 22 slides in asuitable guideway in the breeeh-piece B,an`d hasan arm,9, rejecting toward the crank-shaft 38, whereit is .controlled by a cam, 41,- carried lby said shaft orformed on one side faceof the worm' 32, which cam' mores said tiring-pin rearwardly and permits its -being `suddeni y -impelle'd forward by the action ot the mainspring 25, that bears' against its end and the inner face ofthe door 91. cartridge-controlling gate, 23, is pivoted at its rear end on a screw,'24, and arranged to horizontally vibrate in a suitable gudeway .provided in the breech-piece B,'in a plano above' that occupied by the loading-plunger, its movements being imparted by the loadingplunger, which carries at its forward end a projecting pin, 7, that runsin aguidin{ x-groove,`

8, cut into the under side ofthe said graaf-33.

A cartridge-feeding trough, 92, open at bot-h ends, is provided with -.knees 93, from which depend pins that enter sockets 94 in tho side fraaie 56, whereby it is supported in place when the door 42 is opened, and thusisadaptcd to coincide in position with the feeding-recess 77 and extendI the same upwardly.

lbe mechanisms thus far described, and which in their structnre,except as hereinafter ointed out an'd claimed, are substantially lke those contained in my Patent No. 130,501. Their operation is as follows Itis to be understood thattheanmnmiticn designed to be used is in the form of a cartridge, consisting of n shot, shell or incloscd shrapnel, as S, 'properly sccured in the end of a cartridgelshell, O, that is loaded with u suitable charge of powder, and provided with a priming capable of ignition y the forcible impact ot' the tiring-pin 22. A

nunibcr`of siieh'cartridgcs being laid one upon another, in the ieeding-trough 02, thc lowermost one-will descend through the feedingrecess 77 and lest upon the iioor of thu load- .ing-chamber, constituted bv the forward por' -tion ofthe guideway in which tho loadingpluuger reeiprocatcs, ns hrFlgs. 5 and 0. A

suming the crank-.slfait 33 to be revolving in the direction indicated by its arrow, and the mechanisms to be in theposi tions they occupy just after the gun has been tired', asI in Fig. 9, at which time the stud 5 on the crank-arm 39 will bc in the act of finishing its downward movementin the lower curved part of the groove 6 in the yo'ke 38, the stud 5, then entering into and traversing the lower extremity of the slot 6, reverses andmovcs upward in the lower curved port-ion of said slot, thus forcing the yoke Srearward, carrying with it the extractor 36, and causing, through its rack 21, the pinion 35 and therrack 34, the loadin g-pluu ger 19 to move forward and to insert the cartridge O S into the tiring-chamber' of one, 10, of the barrels, and at. the same time, through the operation of the piu 7, projecting from the plunger 19 into the slot 8 of the cartridgecontrolling gate23, to vibrate the samesidcwise underneath Ithe pile ot` cartridges, to raisev and. support them, ,and prevent their moving downward into contact with the cartridge being fed forward.

l1,)uring Vthis forward reciprocating movementof the loading-plunger 19 and corresponding rearward movement ofthe extractor 36, the circumferential part of the thread of the worin-wheel 32 will have engaged the pins 2, thus holding the barrels stationary, in which condition they will remain until the yoke 33- has reached the extent of its-rearward recip' rocation, and .itsstud or friction-roller 5 is traveling up through the upper curved part ofthe slot in the yoke, which now stands in a position coinciding with the are of movemeut described by said-stud '5, whereby the yoke 3S, standing still, imparts no motion to the extractor 36 or' loading-plunger 19.

A continued movement carries the stud-5 into the upper extremity of the slot 6,' which it traverses, and, passing its center, again moves downward in the upper portion of said.'

slot, thus causing the yoke to lmove forward, carrying with it the extractor, and moving the loading-plunger rearward, the loadingplunger at the same time lvibrating t e cartridge-'controlling'gatc 23, so as to' ncover vthe feediug'- recess 77, and permit thel eartridges'to descend in the feeding-trough 92,

and the lowermost one to rest in the loadingchamber. 'lhe extractor audIOading-plunger stand in their lastldescribed positions while` the stud 5vis traveling dojvn the lower curved,` l part of theslo'tin the yoke without "moving the same, for the reason 'that said' portion'of the slot 6 now stands ina position coinciding with the arc ot movement described by. said stud 5. During these 4movements of the parts-that is -while the stud 'is lnishiug its movement m the upper curved partl of the slot 6, traverses the upper extremity ot' said slot, reverses, und moves'downward therein.-

' und travels-through the lower eurvedjpartot`- the slot-the.' helical portionof the thread of- .tbe worm-wheel simu taneouslyesgages the pins 2, and causes .tho barrels'to revolve with the axis 55 to au extent equal to the distance between two of the barrels. The barrel 10, that has just received the cartridge C S, is thus carried into the position previously occupied bythe barre-1.50, which brings the barrel 29 into the loading position, or that just vacated by the barrel 10.

When the barrels assume a state of rest, which is when the mechanisms stand as in Fig. 4, the arm 9 ot' the loading-plunger is just about to pass off the higher part of the cam 41; and as the movement of the crankshaft is continued, said cam 4l is caused to release the firing-pin, which is instantly impelled forward bythe mainspriu g 25 toA strike ,a percussive blow upon the cartridge in the 1 barrel 30, and explode the same.

The rearward movement ot the extractor `and simultaneous forward movement of the loading-pluuger then begin, and t-he operations described are repeated;

It will be observed that during about onehalf of a single revolution of the crank-shaft 33 the loading-plunger 19 is moved forward to insert a cartridge into4 one of the barrels, at the same time vibrating the cartridge-'controlling g'ate 23, to enter beneath and support the massof'cartrdges in the feed-trough 92, and that the extractoris moved simultancously rearward; and that during the next hal t`.

revolution of said crank-shaft the plunger 19, extractor 36, and gate 23 make their reverse movements, while the barrels are simultaneously revolved a distance equal to the s'pace between the centers of two ot' them.

The forward movement of the plunger 19 does not completelyiusert the cartridge in the barrel, but leaves the same prot-radin g a slight distance rearward, and said cartridge is forced to its seat in the barrel by means of the curved guideway 99, Figs. 4 and 14, against the wedgelike rear face of which the head of the cartridge travels as the barrels are rotated. In order that the cartridge f 'ed forward "shall be positively carried into the guideway 99 as the barrels rotate, the lost motion .of the crank-arm 39,'in the curved up'per portion of the' slot 6, permits the'- plunger .to stand still in the forward end of its stroke while the barrels begin their "rotation, thus enabling the plunger to support the cartridge until it' is entered into and.wthin the control of said guideway. This ',feature of the operation is annimportant one,

afs" it proven ts the cartridge from following the plunger backward when the gun is considera` bly elevated. Theilost motion of said crankarln while runnin gin the curved lower portion of the s'lot Grpermits the cartridge-shell extractor, which carries -at its forward end two 'solid hooks, -1 3, that lie inthe ways 16 17 cnt for them in the inner face of the disk A7,0,"to stand metio less in such a position that-the tiangeof tl e cartridge-shell will be carried between them by the rotation of the barrels.

It will now be nnderstoodthat, as the plunger is aligned with vthe barrel marked 10 in Fig. 3, the extrector'with the barrel marked 4 suisse icadiu g plunger moves forwardto charge the -barrel 10, the retractor moves rearward to withdraw the shell previously exploded in the barrel 20, while the barrels are lstationary; and then, as the barrels revolve and the plun- .ger and retraeto make theirtreverse movements, the loaded barrel 10 is carried' to the position previously occupied b the barrel 50,

thus bringingy the empty barre 20 'into allgn ment with the loading-plunger the barrel 30, containing thecxplodet shell, into alignment with the extractor, (carrying the flange of the exploded shellinto the embrace of the hooks 1 3,) and the loaded barrel 40 before the tiringpin 22, whereuponthe operations are repeated. 'ihus a barrelis charged with a cartridge, the charged barrel is transferred tothe tiringpositon, a cartridge isexploded and an exploded shell is extracted at each rotation of. the crank-shaft, which automatic operations may be carried on 'withgreat rapidity..

.When.the gun in operation has been regularly fed with cartridges, and it is desired to cease tiring, the cartridges 'remaining in the feeding-trough and loading-chamber may be conveniently removed'- therefrom by inserting the hand through' the recess' 75 or 70 cut throughy the back and front plates of said trough, while the' cartridges in the barrels may be eectcd through t tedischarging-oritice 88, without bein exploded by the tiringpin, by simply open n'g the-door 9l. and rc-` volvin g the crank-shaft 33. l

Machineor battery guns of the class to 'which that hereinbefore described belongs have heretofore been monntedupon carriages which are provided with an elevating and de'- pressing mechanism, rising from the carria e und bearing underneath the breeclipiecc i and with a traversing mechanismeonnect'ed with thc 'carrie ge, and the yoke embracing the trnnnions. Such arrangements,while advantageous for field-'guns and for general service, do not admit f speedy manipulation when it is desired to train the gun upon aconstantlymoving object.

The instrument-alities whereby a machine or lnlttcrygun is adapted tb be readily and conltinnously trained so as to deliver its tire 'with precision upon a moving object constitutes one branch of the present invention, and will now be particularly described.

'ihe trunnlons Bti il0 are journaled in a yoke, 44, which terminates in a central pintle, 45,.' adapted to rest 'in n suitable socket, as 46, which may be secured in the guuwalot a ship 'or boat as in. Fig. .'li, or be mounted upon the crest. oi n i'ort, ur upon a portnhlo wheeled or other carriage in the usual way. l provide it with a rearwardlyprilectinI: shonldoupirw 5B, preferably ex nd ng aan the letthant side frame 50, and with a handle, 50, prefer ably secured to the under side of the breechieee B by bent arms 60, which handlers thus ung so as to occupy a central position below the said breech-piece, and project rearward 'therefrom to a convenient degree. rlhis han ille 50 might, however, depend from thc shoulderiece n a convenient position to be seized by t e left hand of the gunner. In manipulating a gun provided with this shoulder-piece 58 and handle 50 the gunner places his left shoulder against the shoulder-piece 58, and

seizes the handle 50 with his lett hand, thus leaving hisvri ht handfree to manipulate the ordlnarv cran which vsets in motion the gun meehanismsproper. (See Fig. 10.)

Inasmueh as the gun is mounted upon y a universal pivot, and will be nicely adjusted so that it is nearly balanced upon its trunnions, a sli ht power exerted upon the handle 50 will enablle the gunner to raise or depress the gun, asmay be desired, the shonlderpiece readily sliding over the shoulder, as may be required. When the desired position is reached, a forward pressure ofthe body against the shoulder-piece will hold the gun in that position, while permitting the rotation of the cranksha'ft to cause the operation of loading and iiriing ofthe gun withoutdisturblng said pos t on.

It is obvious, however, that the ordinary means for operatihg the crank-shaft 3:5-

that is, with a long crank requiring a single turn to' 'make one complete movement ot' the loading and tiring mechanisms, and necessitatin a forward and backward motion of the boy of the gunner-requires an awkward movement of his body, that not. only cxpends his strength but tends to disnrrangc his nim. In order toenablcthe crank-sha f t to be turned by a movement that will not sway the body ot' the gunner, so as to canse him to move the gun out of position or lose his uhu, I have irovided the crank-shaft 33 with a bevel-pinon, (i1, and arranged nu inclined countershaft, (i2,l in a sleeve, ,ti-i, secured by abrnclt'et, 6i), to tite breech-piece, which counter-shaft 62 carries on one end u bevel-pinion, 63, geuring with the pinion til, and at the other end a crank, 73, the circular path ef travel oi' whose handle 05 nearly intercepts the handle 5t). With the crank 73 thus arranged, the ginnicimay while grasping the handle 5i) with his left land, r dsc and lower the gun thereby, at

:thesamc-til c allowing the shonlder iiecc to pass up or down .against his left shoult er, and, when the desired position is reached, to securely hold .the gun in placojhy a forward `pressure 'of the body against the slioulderpiece 5S. with the body thus" poscd, the crank 73 nutvbe turned by atnQvetne-ntct the right nrtn that will not -swuy or` otherwise move the body ofthe gunner.

lhu relativo positions ot' the handle' 59 und the handle ti nl' the crunk 73 are such that as tite t'.runlthatulie d5 is brought upward the gunner may, wit-h his lett-handt-iunnb outstretched, as in Fig. 10, intercept said handle' und stop the movement ot the crank 73, said crunk when thus stop ed resting in the position which it occupier ust innnediateiy before which tiring may then the tiring tnkesp nc he cilcclcd bv a slig it furth tho crunk, which, it will be ob pinne oi tho gun.

it will now be obvious -that the application oi the shoulder-piece 58 und handle 5i) to an ordinary gun is within the scope of my-invsntion, which also embraces the improved construction and nrran gement of 'the cranleshait hnudlc 05, herein shown and described.

catch, which may he upon' a bolt, 98.;

In machincl guns constructed so as to be' trained and tired while supported from the shoulder ot the gunner, it is desirable that complete control may be had over the laying, sighting, and tiring oi the same. To this end 1 provide the gnn with a breechsght,52,"that may be'raiscd'iand lowered by the gunner while in the act of working the gun. In carrying out this feature of the invention I have constructed the handle 59 with "a rotatili slecvc,'one end of which is provided with meansforcommunicatngmotiontothe breech sight, and the other withl a frictiouai device for holding said sleeve stationary in any position ot' its rota'tion, 'and thus holding the sight in a xed:position`. .(See Fig. 21.) This frictional deviceeonsistsof-a concave disk, 86, interposed between',the en d of the sleeve and one of the arms 60,.pressing equally upon Several forms of the`means forcem-v municatingreclprocating motion to thebreechsight from the rotation of the. sleeve of. the, .handle 59 are shown Ain Figs. 21, 22, .an d:23. In Fig. 21 the end of the sleeve'rconstitutes a winding-drum, upon-,which irwound'ud um wound a chain, (le, attachedto the bottoin endof the long shaft 51- of thebreech-sight 52.- 'Ihis shait 51 slides in 'properbearings in the inner face of the ldoor 91, (it might be in the' .breechqiiece,) where it is seated upon a'spring,

each.

'Inthe"rnodliicatlonfshown..in Fig. 22, the

movement of rvcd, ,is an upwnnl one in, or' nearly in, the central vertical Thus by turning the sleeve its rota-rv motion will be transmitted to the screw-rod 74, and it will in turn canso the shaft 5i and sight 52 to move up and down, according to the direc- -tlon given to the rotation of said sleeve.

-The moditication shown in Fig.23 illustrates the shaft 51 of the breechslght v52 as guided in bearings in the breech-piece B, and provided with' a rack-bar, 87, at its lower end, that gears with a pinion, 2i), mounted on tho endet the sleeve of the handle 59. This feature of the,invention is not, however, limited to theconstructions shown. as it is obvious that the same resnltmay be obtained by other mechnnismsas,for instance, an arrangement -of levers.

is constructed so as to be trained from the shoulder, it is often of the highestimportance that the approach of the crank 'in its rotation t0 that point at which the gun is discharged shall be accurately determined, so that the gunner may temporarily cease rotating the crank` and make sure of his aim or the unmoved position of the object to be iiredat. This may be eected by an acoustic or an optie signal, the former being preferable, since it does not require that the eye shall he moved oi the sights.

In Fig. 6 is'shownan arrangement of a bell, 28, within the chamber of the breech-piece, in such a position that i ust before the tiring-point has' been reached by the crank-shaft 33 a spring-'striking lever, 26, may be tripped by a ,tappet extending t tappetlmightraise and drop s. reciprocating or, as shown ,iu Figs. 10 and 12, the counterthat V:nari-:ed onthe sleeve 64, shows the firing po sition ofthe crank. 4

To secure accuracy in, machineuns it is essentiah'rin order that ,thefgun sha l not lose its direction'b'y the movements resultingfrom .bari-ol to be tired shalLbe in the centrallon giltudlnal plane of the gun. This is accomplished as there arranged, .said ,barrel while being tired rests above the longitudinal axis of the .gun, which necessitates such constructions andarrangements of thepartsas to limit their strength, modify their perfect'ope'ration, and necessitate un undue exertion of strength in manipulating the gun.

In the present improvement the parts Aare so constructed and arra'n ed that the barrel to be discharged rests, w ille being tired, below the longitudinal axis of-the gun and in shaft,1,slldtn in proper bearings', al before, the sums vertical plane therewith. The tiring is providedat, lts lower enthsvith anl interna ,screw-socket, innvhich-,turnsa seremroih-N, thatiaproyidedst itslowpriend with a bevelwheei, ,48, that gears withiassimiinrsvheel, 40, fast on the end ofthe sleeve ot the handle 5,0.

pin is oonsocluently p laced iuthe' lower part of the time and is inclined both u ward sndinward, so that its point is directe( toward the center ot' the boroot the barrel, where lt protrudes when In machine-guns, and particularly one that.

from the crank-shaft. Such plate alongside of the rear sight 'ofthe gun shaft 62 may be'provided with a pointer, 1S, in' conjunction .with an indicator, 15,

its heilig discharged,1that theposition oiA the A l in theguuhown in my aforesaid patent; but

` impelled forward through a steel face-plate length, extending from the loading chamber compensated for by the resis nce of the weight 24, and tlbrated horizon 'Itsedge, curved to conform to the shape of the trough without ra sing the mass of cartridges* .more sprin seatedhooks', t

' tractoris constructed with solid hooks 1 3, and

4l This firing-pin, therefore, by reason of its being quite close, to 'the cam. 41, may have its actuating-arm made quite short, and thus rendered so strong as not to be liable to break when the gun is rapidly manipulated orlhas been snbjected'to great wear. I

The curved guideway 99, in which the heads of the cartridges slide while being forced home in' the barrels as the latter are rotated into the. firing position, is -made of great nearly to the iirin g position ot th` e barrels before it runs out to the face of the breech-blcki (See Fig. 14.) The resists-nce of the cartridges is thus diminished, and the power required to operate the gun is accordingly lessened.-

By the arrangement of the mechanisms so that the barrels are discharged when in the central vertical plane of thc longitudinal axis 55 of the gun and beneath the same, as well as slightly below the'plane occupied by the' trunmon's, the line of longitudinal. resistance is brought nearly into the plane of the trnn nions, whereby the tendency of the gun to be-. come deran ed when it is iired is overcome, since the upward tendency of the recoil is ot the barrels and-breeclylp ece situated above the plane of the trunnions. f

The improved cartridgefeontmlling gate 23 is of such structure that but-slight power is required to operate it. -Itis hung on-the pivot 'tne'pinr-or the loading-plunger while mov ug in the inclined plane constituted by the curvedslot 6.

cartridge, is wedge-shaped in its'transverse section, andl thus when vibrated in one direction to cnt oil', raise; and support the mass of cartridges aboye that one lying in the loadingchamber whilethe loading-plunger-is feeding the latter forward and retreats. to' 'freer-he loadiugchamber, it nlav enter underneath; said mass and sli htly raise them' in the feed` therein so quicklv as to throw the upperone or ones outI of said trough.

- Informer constructions of machine-guns -the extractor has been supplied with 'one or iat spring over the -fiange of t` e cartridge-skeins is carried to its foremost position.

In the present improvement the said exthns made positive in its action. Thus, when the extractor'is in its forward position, as in Ii ,9 whereit remains motionless for a consi( eraiile period of time and while the barrels are rotating, its hooks 3'lie in the ways 16 17, and stand in planes coincidlugwith the circular 1path, in w ich the barrels rotate, and hence w lreceive the flange ofthe cartridge shell in their embrace and ,firmly hold it, so that it will be positively drawn out of the bar the extractor Thatthe u cartridge-shell may be' supported.

untilv it i's clear'from the barrel, Iprovide a supporting ledge, 83, that projects inwardly from the breech-blockd, at one side of the dischargingopening 88, (see Figs'. 11 and 14,) and has a-lpngitudnal extent nearly equal tol the length of a cartridge minus its flange, upon 'which ledge thecartridge-shell rests' as it is drawn rearward by\the extractor.

In, order to insure the ejection of thev explodedshelhl have provided a detiector, which truding downward from the breech-piece in face of the cartridge-shelLas jt is drawn outV of the barrel'and disengage the'same fromthe embrace of the hooks13,its operation being to force the shellr downward through the discharging-channel.

It' sometimes happens in the rapid manip- 'ulation ofthe gun that the cartridge-gaie, movcartridgesto descend from the feeding-trough into theloading-chamb'er, will be forced against the'side et the partially-descended cartridge, and, binding upon the same at the instant ot'. ilring,clog` the parts. To enable the crank-shaft to be turned backrelease suc cartridge, a recess, 11, is cut up ward in the'caln 41 so that in such movement the arm 9 ofthe ilringin mag entering the samelgiorm no obstruct on to t is movement.

*1- "It customary* transport the cartridges for machine uns in cases 8l, the bottoms oi' which are c osed by hinged covers 95, as is shown in'Fig.17. In reparing for firing, one of these cases is usua ly placed inl the mouth of the feeding-trough 92, and then the cover 95 opened topermit the cartrid esto pass into said trough. This hand man pulation occasions oilentimes in practice a dangerous delay. To render theoperation automatic,.the

'hatten 12, so that when the filled cas'e isinnto thefeed-trough 92 the outwardlycurved up r end of the'turn-buttonwill strike the curve edge l of the front plate of the feed: trough,- and be turnedl suiilciently. to set thc cover 95 at 'libert which cover will at once be forced outwan by the weight ot the cnrtridge's, and lo opened as to ailoiw the cartrid Atodeseend into the feed-trough.

T at the gunner ma readily distinguish the points indicatin t e various degrees oi elevation in abreec -sight adapted-to indi said sight wit 1 transparentindlcators for said elevations. Thus, as shown in Fig. 19, this is accomplished by providing ints II I, ttc., indicating such elevations, w ich extend sido wise from a bar, 13, supporting them. Each pointis thusisolated, und enables the gunner to quickly brin any one of them within his rel as the extractor moves rearward.

fered wit-h by the others.

consists of a fixed inclined projection, 82, prol such a position as to intercept the upper sur.

-ing more' rapidly than gravity will cause the ward a sli ht distance at this time, so'as to.

-said cover 9i) is provided with a pivoted tnrn.

cato a multi licity of elevations, I` provide' .vision without ts being distracted'or intcrfeather or --When the s :'struete the working )arts may be taken apart with.

In the modification shown inthe same 'tlg-l' ure, the bar 13 carrics'a single sighting-point,- 14, und has the figures indicating the various elevations cut through and through the metah, whereby they bccomere'a'dly visible.

The mainspring 25,consists of a bar bent` lupon itself so as to provide two arms, andis Vhung by a pivot 80, tothe'door 01-so that one of its arms b ot' said door, and the other against the rear end of the -tiring-pin 22. This spring is provided with a square loop, 43, attached to one and embracing both arms, whereby thesaid spring is capable of being compressed 'so as to properly uct upon the tiring-pin andjmpel it forward to discharge the cartridge. This loop, however, limits the degree to which the arms ot' the spring may be expanded, and thus retains them under constant tension, so that the spring maybe removed and introduced into its proper position while constantly compressed. 'lhese means enable the door 01. to be closed without materially compressing the spring, and likewise prevent the spring from quickly and forcibly swinging the door open when itis unlocked. l

The pivot 80, securing .thisl spring to the door 01, ilnds its bearings inf two ugs, 100101, lnqiectin g from the inner face ot' the door. It s provided with a feather, o, which is accommodated in the space between the arms of the s ring, and'the lug 100 'is provided with a" s ot, u, which corresponds in. shape withtlle ring is swung beek into the position 'shown n-dotted lines, Fig. 8, the slot in the lug 100 coincides inposltion with the feather o, and allows the pivot 89 to be withdrawn; but in any other position of the spring this feather o wilLabnt against the inner surfaces of the lugs-100 101, and prevent the pin frein being removed or from falling out. The spring can thus be read removed for an purpose.

In the pract cal use of machinens it is sometimes desirable to dlsmexu'ber t 1e gan in' order to render it' useless, while it is also re uisite .that the parts shall be capable of be ng dlsrnounted fer'thepnrpose of cleaning 1110 Bami" r Heretotore this 'has required t e use of tobls lwhich have to be transported with the gun forthat purpose. 1n order to remove the uecessity o t.thecarriage or use of tools for this purpose' the several echanisms are so.con

d and adinstet in place that most of out the aid ot any instur ent.` t

Upon releasing the lscrew 103, whose dan e l looks the door 0l. closed, and swinging-tie door open', lthe tiringpin 22 may be freely drawn out; and ,by turning the "malnspring into the-'position' shown' by dotted lines, I: ig. 8, it may be removed, as before explained."x

i l'.lhecrank-arm 39 through which motion is im isrted tothe loading and extracting meeh- .un sm, is fixed to the inner and of the crank- 'shait 83 by means of a thumb-screw,102, 'so' ears against the 'inner face' that upon removing this-screw the following parts are freed, so as to be readily removed. The cranklshait 33 may be withdrawn, which releases the 'crank-arm 30, worm-wheel 32, extractor 3.0,.and the loading-pluri ger 1i).

.InP machine-guns of such largo sizethat it requires considerabli power to nctuatethe mechanisms', the crank may be connected to thnmnk-shatt 33 by intermediate gearing, so proportioned 'that two or three turns ot' the crank will eii'ect one revolution ot' the craukshaft; and'in small guns, such as those dcsigned fnr mountain service, or where great speed of operation is desired, thisgeuring may bc so proportioned .that less than one turn of the crank shall cause one full revolution of the crank-sha1` t 33. x

W/ith the arrangement 'of saidern-u k herein shown, these results maybe cii'ecteil by tanking the pinion 03 one-halter ono-third of the size of the pinion 01, or a proportionate size larger.

1n machihe-guns the rear end oi' whose breech is closed by a hinged door, it'sonie-l times occurs that the operator in opening the door loses his hold of the same, thus allowing the door to swing rapidly downward as far as its hinge allows. This produces a considerable strain upon the hinge and-often breaks the same. To remove this danger of breakage, I provide the doo'r 01 with n brake, as in Fig. 0, which c onsistsof ablock, 104 having -a curved face iitting the knuckle otl the door- -hinge, which-blockslides ina cavityprovided in the breech-piece, and is' seated therein upon one er more springs, 105, which presses it for` ward with sutiicient force to reduce so much "friction asis neees'sa'ry'tohol the door in any position in which -it maybefleft.

I'donot confine my invention to this mode of constructing the brake'mechanismas many 'others will accomplisli'the same end.

Actual experiments have determined that4 the angle of the cone of dispersion et' the bullets of cas'e or canistr'shot fired fromrified guus is determined by the pitch of the riiiliu g.

has also'beendetermined in like nianner that ail of the balls ily nea-r the periphery or .outer art of this cone. .These facts prove the ineic ency ofcommon cannon for iiauking an d similar purposes.

rEhe diiiiculty experienced incoxrering a ditch or trench andthe nea-r appronchestlwreto by canister-shotred'from an ordinary eaunon eonsists.iu the fact that the ditch or its approaches cannot be 'properly covered by the dangerous z'one ofthe cone of dispersion.

Figs. 24. and L Bjshow, in sectional elevation and plan views the ath of travel of the cone of dispersion et th'e uilets of case or canister shot tired from an ordina-ry cannon. As uppears from said views, there is -a large space not at all covered by the pathof travel et the balls, inwhich anenemy might pass with impnnity.- w v -In o rderto'cover the entire space between the longest and shortest ran ge et' such a can'- s sins-io non, it must be adjusted at diil'erent degrees of elevation, as is indicated by Figs. 26 and 2T, which illustrate the paths ot' travelof the' cones ot dispersion of the balls' of canistershot tired from an ordinary cannon at six different elevations. A

ii it were possible to tire such an ordinary cannoli with great rupidity,and to change its elevation with like expedition, the result indicated by Figs. 26 and 27y might be ac-4 complished; butin that case, since the cone of dispersion ot' the-balls would-always remain the same, no matter at what elevation it is ihed, the space covered at short range.wouid be comparatively ineiiectually protected.'

With a-maehine-gun having two or 'more barrels automatically loaded and tired, and provided with means for changing the `elevation for euch barrel discharged, the result ik lustrated in said Figs; 26 and 27 could no oni v be accomplished, but would become quite vcctivc in consequence of the rapidity of the-l iiring. n

In Figs. 15 and16 is illustrated one means for changing the elevation of a machine-gun' just before each barrel istired. It consists inproviding the disk 70, which supports the rcartends of and turns with the barrels, with a cam-surface, 106, 'which rests upon a fixed' hearin g or africtionroll, asv 107, supported by the carria e of the gun. This cam-surface, being proper y shaped t'o support each barrel at a ditierent elevation, will, as the barrels'are revolved by the actuatingv crank-shaft 33, antomaticaliy raise them, as is apparent from an inspection of the drawing.

, This feature of the yinvention-aria, auto.

matically changing the elevation of agun for .cach barrel discharged-is to bc understood as bein g applicable to 'anymachine-gun, whetherthe barrels ofthe same rotate,'as herein shown, or are arranged in elusters,.as in -t-he French mitraillcuse, a suitable modification of the elevating ineens being made to suit the struc# ture of the gun;

To render a gun most eiiectivein protecting the ditch ot a fortification, the approaches A -of a handle, as improjecting from the breechthereto, and generally .for flanking purposes, constitutes one object otQt-his invention.'

In carrying out this feature ot the invention I take advantage of the fact, as demonstrated by experiments, that thebullets in their course' otf iiight assume the form ot.a hollow cone, the angle ot whose periphery depends upon the pitch of the riiiin g ot the barrel, and construct a gun having two or more-barrels, so that the pitch ofthe ritiing of each barrel varies in degree. With aggun thus constructed, since the cone of dispersion of the bullets.from each barrel is ot diiiercnt extent at differenti dislances from the' gun, and that the trajectory of euch conc of bullets will also vary, it becomes evident that it' the pitch ot the ritiing of the several barrels is properly determined any extent ot space wit iin the range ot the gnu may he. eilectiveiy covered. This will be readily apparent from Figs. 28, 29 and 3i), in which is illustrated4 in longitudinal and transverse .sectional-outline the courses of fiightand' surface deposit of the balls discharged from a cannon having (like that herein shown) tivo barrels, riiiing of a different pitch. Thus the course ofthe hollow cone of bullets discharged from the iirst barrel, supposed to be provided with iiiing of a quick' twist, will approximate to that marked h thccone formed by the bullets discharged from the second barehprovidcd with ritiing oi'.'A less rapid twist, will approximate ytothat: .marked i; the cones formed by the bullets tired from the'third fourth, and fifth barrels` each provided with riding the itch of whose twist diminishes in-a regular egree, will approximate to the outlines t e m, respectively. It, now, the transverse sec- .tions taken at the various points be indicated by the lines D E A T H, it will be found that throughout the whole extentof ground covered by' the longest to the shortest range,-

there is no vertical or horizontal space that is no't adequately covered by sc me one or more of theconesof balls.

Itis obvious that in carrying ont this invention, where a gun has more than two barrels, it may, in some cases, be expedient to have one of the barrels smooth-bore.

In covering great distances, a gun provided with barrels whose ritiing varies, as hereinbefore described, may be given the greatest et'- feetivuess by providing it with the means for automatically elevating each barrel to a dit'- ferent de as has been described, thus causing t o barrels -to be appropriately ele` vated, according to the pitch .of their ritiing.

What is claimed is- 1. A machine .gun mounted upon a universal pivot, and provided with means, sub stantialiy as described, for training it from the shoulder."

2. The combination, with a machine-gun, of the shoulder-piece 58, substantially as dcscribed. l

3. The combination, with a machine-gun,

piece in a planeow the longitudinal axis ot' the n, and adapted to be grasped by one han( ofthe gunner, 'substantie ly as described.

. '4. 'The combination, with a machine-gun, 'of the shoulder-piece 58 and handle 59, sub- 'stantially as described.

g 5. In a machine-gun, the combination, with a handle, arranged, substantially as described,

at the rear thereof for elevating and depressing the-gun, of a crank for actuating the gun mechanisms whosejhandlo rotates at the rear ofthe breech-piece. Y

0.' In a machine-gun, the combination, with an elevating and depressing ,handle,'as'50, ot' a crank for actuating the gun mechanisms whose handle rotates at the rear ot the breechpiece and sweeps in such close proximity' to said handle 50 that the hand` ot the -"gunuer,

which barrels are each providedwith -deseribeth the gun, an with mechanism for suplporting and aiming substantially as while graspingt-he lattcr,'m`ay intercept and stop t-hc handle ot' the crank, sub'stantiall'yas .;f..-f.tf f 'i'. 'lhe rolnbinat-ion,' I with? a' "machine gun havingmeans for trainingitfrom the shenl der, of a crank-shaft, 3 3, and a countershat`t, (i2, geared together so that thc'crank-handle may he operated at; the rearV of'the'gnn, all substantially as described. I

'8. 'lhe combination,ffwith a machine-gun having means for trainin'g'it from the shoulf der, ot-thecrank-shalt 33, counter-shaft 62', and intermediate connecting-pinions 61.63, all lsubstantially as described.

9. 'lhe combination, with'a machinegunot` an extensible shoulder-piece, substantially as described.

10. The combination,.wit.h a machine-gun, ot a detachable shoulder-piece, substantially as described. v l

11. 'lhe combination, wit-h a machine-gun provided with means for training it from the shoulder, ot a breech-'sight adjustable by a .movement of, the lmnd while grasping th'e handle 59, substantially as described.

12. 'lhe combination, with the reciprocating breech-sight and rotating sleeve of the handle 59, oi intermediate connecting mechanismconverting the rota-tive movement .of t-hc'.latter into the reciprocating movement of the former, substantially as described. 1

13. The combination, with the rotating .sleeve of the handle 59, lci' thesliding. spring:

seated shaft 51 of the'bree'ch-sight 52 and conlnecting-clmin 68, substantially as described.

14. A breech-sight provided 'with perforated numerals indicating*- diii'erent degrees of ele# ration, substantially as described.V

15. The combination, withthe actuating crank-shaft of a machine-gun, of mechanism to produce au audible signa-l whereby theappreach ofthe operatingcranlr to the position it occupies when the gun is tired may be ascertained substantially as described.

.16. The combination, with thecrankshaft, of

'thepointer 26 and indicator 2?, substantially as described.:

-17.-A machinegun the mechanismswhereot are s constructed and arranged that each bar-- rel when discharged, shall stand in the cen trai vertical lane of the longitudinal axis ot below the' same,iu combination the gun from the shou described. l

'13. The combination, with thebreech-picce of a' sliding breech-sight having perforatet numerals indicating diii'erent degi'ces of elevation, substantially ns described.

19. '.lhe combination, with a machine-gun whose mechanisms are so arranged that the lowcrmostbarrcl is ti red when in a central position, et' a tiring-pin arranged at an inclinajtion to the axis ot' said barrel, so as to pass the actuating mechanisms, to cofppcrute therewith, substtnltinlly as described. 20. The combination, with the clank-shaft 33, worm-wheel 32, and crank-'arm 39, and the.

mechanisms theyactuate, ofthe thumb-screw 102, whereby saidparts may be released for dism'ou'nting, substantially as described.

21. The .bxeeclbbloclc 66, the front face whereotis constructed with an inclined eartridgelguideway, 99, extending from the recess. forming the 1oadingchamber nearly tothe lower central portion of said breech-block, sub.

Astantially as and for the purpose specified.

22. The combinaticmwith the armot the tlripgpin 22, of the cam 41, having a recess, 11,

'substantially as described.

23. Thehorizontally-vibratingcartridge-controlling gate 'having a wedge-like edge, constructed an scribed. 24. The combination,withamacl1incguu,of a piece, 58, having arertical member, constructed and adaptedto be engaged by the left shoulder of the gunner, substantially as described.

25. The combination, with the rotating barrels of a machine-gun, the rear ends of which are eut away to provide theways 16'17,.of a

operating substantially as 'ldcreciprocating cartridge-shell extractor pro` vided 'with solid hooks 1 3, substantially as described.

26.' The combination, .viththe cartridge-shell extractor, o f the 'supporting-ledge S3, substantially as described.

-27. Thecombinatiomwiththecartridgeshell extractor,.ot`. the .depending detiectoror inclined projection 82, substantially asdescribed.

28. The combina-tion, with the door closing the breech-piece of a machine-gun, of a mainspring hinged or .pivoted thereto, substau tia-ily as described.

`29. The combination of the hinged door 91, mainspring 25, and iirin g-pin 22, substantially as described. l

30. -The combination, with the hinged door and tlringpn of a machine-gun, of the main- 'spring constructedxvitha loop, 43, embracing its arms- 'and limiting their expansion, substantaliy as described.

` 31. The combination, with the inainspring 25, the pivot 89, having a feather, c, and the lugs 100 10 1, one ot' which isprorided with'a slot, u, substantially as described.

,32. The combination, wi -'i the knuckle ofthe hinge'ot' the' door 91, of a sliding block seated upon a spring, 105, substantially as described.

33. A cartridgedcedin g trough for machineguns, constructed with an open center, which vprovides front and rear guideways, whereby the cartridge is guided by its frontend rear ends only, and may be readily removed, substantially as described.

34. A cartridge-feed ense the bottom ot' which is closed by a hin ged "cover, 95, locked by a turn-button, 12, behind saideoyer, which is constructed so aswbengaged and tripped to release the door when the case is introduced into the feeding-trough, substantially as de scribed.

35. A machine-gnu haring al multiplicity oi w 211Mo barrels, constructed so that the itch of the rifiing of euch barrel varies in egree, sub stnntinlly ns described.

30. The combination, with a machine-gun, of n mechanism moved automatically to elevate and depress the same, substantially as described.

37. Thecombinationmiththeautomatioallyg moved barrels of n. machine-gun and the currnge supporting the same, of a cem, as 100, automuticuily o ierating to elevate and depress said barrels, -su stantiuliy as described.

3S. 'lhe combination, with n lending-plunger und sheibextmctor, simultaneously moviugin opposite directioniubof nn actuating mechanism, constructed su stuutiaily ns described, so that while the crank-arm is continuously revolving the loading-plunger and sheilextmctor have a period of reetat both extremities of their reciprocatious.

30. The combiuetonvith a loading-plunger and shell-extractor, simultaneously moving in opposite directions, of an actuating crank-arm and a. carrying-yoke, the lat-ter being coustructed with'a slot lor opening having curved bearin surfuces, the arcs of which'have their center n the crankshaft carrying the nctuatinf' crank-arm, substantially as described.

u testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence oi two subscribing witnesses.

B. B. HoTonmss.

Witnesses:

II. T. MUNsoN, GEO. H. Gunnar. l 

